Novel biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles through valorization of Parkia biglobosa fermented-seed wastewater: Antimicrobial properties and nanotextile application

Abstract

Parkia biglobosa wastewater (PBWW), a waste in the local production of a condiment ‘ iru ’ was used to synthesize AgNPs, acting as bio-reductant and stabilizer to fabricate AgNPs. The particles were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) along with electron microscopic investigations. The effectiveness of PBWW-AgNPs as antimicrobial agents was determined using multi-drug resistant (MDR) clinical bacterial isolates and some fungi. Also, the mechanisms of actions of the AgNPs on bacterial cells were studied via release of protein and nucleic acids. In an applied investigation, cotton and silk were functionalized with the AgNPs, and antimicrobial properties determined up to 5th wash cycle. The brown colloidal AgNPs depicted maximum absorption at 390 nm, while the FTIR spectra revealed O-H, N-H, and O = C = O bonds as the functional groups present. Optimal production of PBWW-AgNPs occurred at the pH 10 and concentration of 1 mM AgNO 3 . The particles were mainly spherical having size range of 11.00–83.30 nm with face-centred crystallinity. PBWW-AgNPs had inhibitions of 8–26 nm against MDR strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella oxytoca, K. pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis with MIC of 80–100 μ g/ml. Evidences exist for the leakage of proteins and nucleic acids upon exposure of bacteria to AgNPs. The functionalized-fabrics inhibited bacterial growth and achieved 100% antifungal activity. This report is the first on valorization of P. biglobosa wastewater for nanobiotechnological exploration with potentials for biomedical applications in producing specialized fabrics with immense antimicrobial properties. • First report of biofabrication of AgNPs via valorization of wastewater of fermented seeds of Parkia biglobosa (PBWW). • The biosynthesized AgNPs displayed potent antibacterial activities against MDR strains. • Several toxigenic fungi were inhibited by PBWW-AgNPs. • Textiles functionalized with PBWW-AgNPs prevented microbial growth. • Functionalized textiles inhibited bacterial growth up to 5th wash cycle.