Novel Binary to Gray Code Converters in QCA with Power Dissipation Analysis

Abstract

Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) are pledging nanotechnology which has been used widely in digital circuits and systems. Conventional lithography based VLSI model encounter acute challenges of tunneling, variation of doping and short channel issue. In a remarkably fast development of VLSI technology, it is the cardinal of the age to reach a stable model with area and low power consumption. QCA is a promising alternative to complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology with many enticing features such as high-speed, low power consumption and higher switching frequency than transistor based technology. The code converters are the basic unit for transformation of data to execute arithmetic processes. In this paper, a novel QCA based 2-bit binary-togray, 3-bit binary-to-gray, and 4-bit binary-to-gray code converter have been proposed. The proposed design reduces the number of cells, area, and raises switching speed. The energy dissipation by the proposed circuits are evaluated which certifies the prospect of QCA nano-circuit presenting as a substitute level for the attainment of reversible circuits. The consistency of the proposed circuits is tested under thermal randomness that reveal the functioning effectiveness of the circuits. The proposed circuits are simulated using QCADesigner and Microwindlite tool which is widely used for simulation and verification.