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Abstract
While bats are increasingly recognized as a source of coronavirus epidemics, the diversity and emergence potential of bat coronaviruses remains to be fully understood. Among 1779 bat samples collected in China, diverse coronaviruses were detected in 32 samples from five different bat species by RT-PCR. Two novel alphacoronaviruses, Rhinolophus sinicus bat coronavirus HKU32 (Rs-BatCoV HKU32) and Tylonycteris robustula bat coronavirus HKU33 (Tr-BatCoV HKU33), were discovered from Chinese horseshoe bats in Hong Kong and greater bamboo bats in Guizhou Province, respectively. Genome analyses showed that Rs-BatCoV HKU32 is closely related to BatCoV HKU10 and related viruses from diverse bat families, whereas Tr-BatCoV HKU33 is closely related to BtNv-AlphaCoV and similar viruses exclusively from bats of Vespertilionidae family. The close relatedness of Rs-BatCoV HKU32 to BatCoV HKU10 which was also detected in Pomona roundleaf bats from the same country park suggests that these viruses may have the tendency of infecting genetically distant bat populations of close geographical proximity with subsequent genetic divergence. Moreover, the presence of SARSr-CoV ORF7a-like protein in Rs-BatCoV HKU32 suggests a common evolutionary origin of this accessory protein with SARS-CoV, also from Chinese horseshoe bats, an apparent reservoir for coronavirus epidemics. The emergence potential of Rs-BatCoV HKU32 should be explored.
Highlights
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and more recently the Middle East RespiratorySyndrome (MERS) have proven the emergence potential of animal coronaviruses (CoVs) and aroused immense interest in the discovery of novel CoVs in animals and humans
While SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was originated from horseshoe bats in China as its animal reservoir and transmitted to humans after amplification in palm civets from wildlife markets [1,2], dromedary camels in the Middle East are the immediate animal source of the model. The bootstrap syndrome (MERS) epidemic caused by MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) [3,4,5,6]
Through the discovery of numerous novel CoVs since the SARS epidemic [16,17,18], bats were uncovered as an important animal reservoir for alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses, and birds as an important reservoir for gammacoronaviruses and deltacoronaviruses [19,20,21,22,23]
Summary
Syndrome (MERS) have proven the emergence potential of animal coronaviruses (CoVs) and aroused immense interest in the discovery of novel CoVs in animals and humans. While SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was originated from horseshoe bats in China as its animal reservoir and transmitted to humans after amplification in palm civets from wildlife markets [1,2], dromedary camels in the Middle East are the immediate animal source of the MERS epidemic caused by MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) [3,4,5,6]. Through the discovery of numerous novel CoVs since the SARS epidemic [16,17,18], bats were uncovered as an important animal reservoir for alphacoronaviruses (alphaCoVs) and betacoronaviruses (betaCoVs), and birds as an important reservoir for gammacoronaviruses (gammaCoVs) and deltacoronaviruses (deltaCoVs) [19,20,21,22,23]. When MERS-CoV was first discovered, it was most closely related to Tylonycteris bat CoV HKU4 (Ty-BatCoV HKU4) and Pipistrellus bat CoV HKU5
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