Abstract
For decades, French guinea fowl have been affected by fulminating enteritis of unclear origin. By using metagenomics, we identified a novel avian gammacoronavirus associated with this disease that is distantly related to turkey coronaviruses. Fatal respiratory diseases in humans have recently been caused by coronaviruses of animal origin.
Highlights
French guinea fowl have been affected by fulminating enteritis of unclear origin
We propose a gammacoronavirus of a novel genotype as the most likely causal agent of fulminating disease
The novel human Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV, a betacoronavirus that was first isolated in 2012 in Saudi Arabia, is most closely related to Tylonycteris bat CoV HKU4 and Pipistrellus bat CoV HKU5 [4]; severe acute respiratory syndrome–CoV originated from a betacoronavirus that spread from bats to civets and humans [5]
Summary
NY, USA) to concentrate the viral material. RNA and DNA were extracted separately, and a random reverse transcription PCR was performed, as described [6], to generate unbiased PCR products of ≈300 bp. A CoV-specific reverse transcription PCR was performed and the result was positive, in intestinal tissues of experimentally infected birds (Table 2) [8]. A BLAST (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) search followed by a phylogenetic analysis performed on the complete S gene showed that guinea fowl fulminating enteritis virus corresponds to a distinct genotype of CoV, clustering within Gammacoronavirus genus, which includes TCoV and Figure 1. A recombination event led to the emergence of TCoV: the S gene of IBV recombined with an unknown virus (likely of avian origin), which resulted in a host change (chicken to turkey) and a tropism switch (respiratory to enteric). IBV and TCoV share
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