Abstract
The complete understanding of the growing catalog of regulatory non-coding RNAs is going to shed light in different aspects of a wide range of pathogenic mechanisms in human diseases. This review was aimed to highlight recent advances in the small non- coding RNA world that could have implications in the development of new strategies in medical sciences. Among the diverse group of small non-coding RNAs, we highlight the group of tRNA-derived fragments as molecules known for a long time which have recently emerged as novel regulators influencing several aspects of cell biology. We describe here recent advances in the field of tRNA-derived fragments playing key roles in the biology of some infectious agents, including E. coli, A. fumigatus, G. lamblia, Ascaris, T. cruzi, Virus, Prions and a brief overview linking them to cancer biology. Additionally, we focus on the potential implications of these molecules in future biotechnological applications in the development of new biomarkers and as new therapeutic targets.
Highlights
In the last years the comprehension of the small noncoding RNAs world has been growing thanks to the advance in next-generation sequencing technologies and the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi)
We describe here recent advances in the field of tRNA-derived fragments playing key roles in the biology of some infectious agents, including E. coli, A. fumigatus, G. lamblia, Ascaris, T. cruzi, Virus, Prions and a brief overview linking them to cancer biology
The search of alternative small noncoding RNAs (sncRNA) pathways has been the focus of different works that found the presence of small tRNAs in organisms like Trypanosoma cruzi, for which is well known the lack of canonical RNAi machinery [12,25]
Summary
In the last years the comprehension of the small noncoding RNAs (sncRNA) world has been growing thanks to the advance in next-generation sequencing technologies and the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi). Effectors functions of these sncRNAs are achieved through small RNA-associated ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Based on their origin, the proteins to which they are associated, their biogenesis and the biological. Novel members of this family of sncRNAs originated from cleavage or processing of already known ncRNAs such as snRNAs, snoRNAs, tRNAs and rRNAs have recently emerged. TRNA cleavage is not a novelty [9], it was not until recently that they were defined and classified as new members of the sncRNA family
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