Novel Approaches for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Abstract

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,2,235-241.DOI:10.5530/pres.15.2.025Published:February 2023Type:Review ArticleAuthors:Sonam Pushkar, Vibhav Varshney, Pushpendra Pushkar, and Harish Kumar Sagar Author(s) affiliations:Sonam Pushkar1,*, Vibhav Varshney2, Pushpendra Pushkar3, Harish Kumar Sagar4 1Department of Pharmacy, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA. 2Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA. 3Department of Pharmacology, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA. 4ICMR National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA. Abstract:Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious disease that caused the deaths of a total of 1.5 million people in 2020 and is one of the top causes of death globally. India is a country with the highest TB burden, and it may affect all age groups. It is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, an intracellular pathogen, and its multidrug and extensively drug-resistant strains, which continue to emerge and spread, resulting in the deadliest infectious disease. After a gap of more than 40 years, the FDA approvals over the past decade of three second-line anti-TB drugs, bedaquiline, delamanid, and pretomanid, have been major forward steps in the management of drug-resistant-TB (DR-TB). Many medicinal plants such as Zanthoxylum leprieurii, Lantana camara, and Cryptolepis sanguinolenta have extensive therapeutic potential and represent a prospective option to fight against DR-TB. Some novel compounds are in the early clinical trial phases such as DprE1 inhibitors TBA-7371 and BTZ-043, and many others that are showing promising futures. This review describes DR-TB and its current chemotherapy guidelines including novel and repurposed drugs that are included in the anti-TB regimens, medicinal plants that have therapeutic potential for the development of drug-hit candidates, drugs that are currently in clinical development, host-directed therapy, and new drug delivery systems to better understand the novel therapeutic approaches that are currently being studied for the efficacious and safe management of DR-TB, a worldwide health problem. Keywords:Drug-resistant tuberculosis, immunomodulators., Medicinal plants, Nanotubes, NitroimidazolesView:PDF (189.22 KB)