Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the etiological agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) and is considered the most prevalent infectious disease in the world. Consequently, several new drugs with a variety of targets as well as host-directed therapies (HDTs) are being explored for TB treatment such as new antimicrobials, COX inhibitors, antioxidants, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, etc. HDTs are being researched as potential targets for alleviating cellular damage as well as limiting disease progression. Therefore, HDTs are usually subdivided into two separate categories pertaining to TB: increasing the patient’s antimicrobial immune activity and reducing damaging inflammation. Correspondingly, biomarkers that delineate between host and bacterial characteristics are thus vital for understanding the specific in vivo functionality of these antimicrobial drugs.
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