Abstract
BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) in non-overweight/obese people is insidiously associated with cardiovascular disease. Novel anthropometric indices can reflect central obesity better than the traditional anthropometric indices. Therefore, we hypothesize that these newly developed anthropometric indices can better identify MetS in non-overweight/obese people than conventional indices.MethodsCross-sectional data of sociodemographic, biochemical and anthropometric indices were collected from 2916 non-overweight/obese Chinese people. A body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and abdominal volume index (AVI) were calculated. Partial correlation analysis was used to clarify the correlation between anthropometric indices and MetS variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the association between anthropometric indices and MetS and its components. Receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to identify the diagnostic ability of anthropometric indices for MetS and its components. The area under curve (AUC) difference between WHtR and each new anthropometric index was compared in pairs.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, AVI had the optimal ability of identifying MetS (AUC: 0.743 for male, 0.819 for female) and the strongest correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (coe: − 0.227 for male, − 0.207 for female) and the highest odds rations (OR) with low HDL-C group (male: OR = 1.37, female: OR = 1.55). The WHtR was comparable to BRI in assessing MetS (AUC: 0.739 for male, 0.817 for female). WHtR or BRI could also well identify hypertension (AUC: 0.602 for male, 0.688 for female) and dysglycemia (AUC: 0.669 for male, 0.713 for female) and female’s high triglyceride level (AUC 0.712). The recognition ability of the two was equivalent. The ability of ABSI and WWI to identify MetS was weak.ConclusionsAVI is the optimal anthropometric indices to identify MetS in non-overweight/obese Chinese adults. BRI and WHtR can also be considered as discriminators, while ABSI and WWI are weak discriminators. WHtR is easy to measure. So, it is recommended as an early preliminary screening method for the MetS in non-overweight/obese people.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk, including dysglycemia, elevated blood pressure, raised triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and central adiposity
Physical measurement indicators, clinical indicators (SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), Total cholesterol (TC), TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid (UA)) and the incidence of MetS and its components were significantly higher in males than in females (Table 1)
Waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) waist-to-height ratio, BRI body roundness index, weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) weight adjusted waist index, AVI abdominal volume index, A body shape index (ABSI) a body shape index, BP blood pressure, TG triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) HDL cholesterol, MetS metabolic syndrome, odds rations (OR) odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval * p < 0.001; #p < 0.05; ^p > 0.05
Summary
MetS is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk, including dysglycemia, elevated blood pressure, raised triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and central adiposity. Since the risk of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in people with MetS is twice than that of non-MetS, people with MetS may account for half of all ASCVD [2]. The incidence of MetS has been closely associated with obesity [3], metabolic disorders are often hidden in non-overweight/obese people [4,5,6,7,8,9], especially in Asians [8]. The China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study [9] found that metabolic disorders accounted for 46.2% of people with normal weight. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in non-overweight/obese people is insidiously associated with cardiovascular disease. We hypothesize that these newly developed anthropometric indices can better identify MetS in non-overweight/obese people than conventional indices
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