Abstract
The accuracy of calculating the ground resistance for vertical ground rods within extensive ground grids holds paramount significance for both personnel safety and the overall safety of the grid itself. This paper introduces a unique and innovative approach by presenting and analysing a novel frequency-dependent formula, with comprehensive analytical mathematical expressions. This formula is designed to accurately compute the ground impedance of a vertical ground rod buried in soil with two layers, penetrating both layers. Additionally, it offers a thorough electromagnetic field analysis associated with this setup and accounts for the impact of fault types, specifically considering the frequency of the current.
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