Abstract

Abstract. Aerosol extinction coefficients (σa) and lidar ratios (LRs) are retrieved over the ocean from CALIPSO's Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) attenuated backscatter profiles by solving the lidar equation constrained with aerosol optical depths (AODs) derived by applying the Synergized Optical Depth of Aerosols (SODA) algorithm to ocean surface returns measured by CALIOP and CloudSat's Cloud Profiling Radar. σa and LR are retrieved for two independent scenarios that require somewhat different assumptions: (a) a single homogeneous atmospheric layer (1L) for which the LR is constant with height and (b) a vertically homogeneous layer with a constant LR overlying a marine boundary layer with a homogenous LR fixed at 25 sr (two-layer method, 2L). These new retrievals differ from the standard CALIPSO version 4.1 (V4) product, as the CALIOP–SODA method does not rely on an aerosol classification scheme to select LR. CALIOP–SODA σa and LR are evaluated using airborne high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) observations over the northwest Atlantic. CALIOP–SODA LR (1L and 2L) positively correlates with its HSRL counterpart (linear correlation coefficient r>0.67), with a negative bias smaller than 17.4 % and a good agreement for σa (r≥0.78) with a small negative bias (≤|-9.2%|). Furthermore, a global comparison of optical depths derived by CALIOP–SODA and CALIPSO V4 reveals substantial discrepancies over regions dominated by dust and smoke (0.24), whereas Aqua's Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and SODA AOD regional differences are within 0.06. Global maps of CALIOP–SODA LR feature high values over littoral zones, consistent with expectations of continental aerosol transport offshore. In addition, seasonal transitions associated with biomass burning from June to October over the southeast Atlantic are well reproduced by CALIOP–SODA LR.

Highlights

  • Advances in our understanding of the 3-D structure of atmospheric aerosols have been greatly accelerated with the advent of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), on board the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO; Winker et al, 2009, 2010, 2013)

  • We present a new method in which CALIOP-based lidar ratios and aerosol extinction coefficients over the nonpolar oceans are obtained by constraining the retrievals with aerosol optical depths (AODs) derived from cross-calibrated CALIOP and CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) surface echos, using the Synergized Optical Depth of Aerosols (SODA) product (Josset et al, 2008)

  • For one CALIPSO overpass we found that a 20 % higher SODA AOD gives rise to a 5.4 sr increase in lidar ratio, or equivalent to a 14.4 % lidar ratio change relative to the lidar ratios (LRs) constrained with unperturbed AOD

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Summary

Introduction

Advances in our understanding of the 3-D structure of atmospheric aerosols have been greatly accelerated with the advent of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), on board the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO; Winker et al, 2009, 2010, 2013). CALIOP estimates aerosol extinction coefficients on a global scale with unprecedented vertical detail. The undetermined problem of solving the lidar equation with two physical unknowns, the aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients, is addressed in the CALIPSO algorithm by relating both variables via an extinction-to-backscatter ratio, or lidar ratio (LR). This standard technique (e.g., Fernald, 1984) expresses the lidar equation in terms of only one unknown, if LR is prescribed.

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