Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: Redundant Residue Number Systems Based Radiation Hardening for Datapath

Abstract

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles<br><br>"Redundant Residue Number Systems Based Radiation Hardening for Datapath"<br>by Lei Li and Jianhao Hu,<br>in the IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol.57, no.4, Aug. 2010, pp.2332-2343<br><br>After careful and considered review of the content and authorship of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE's Publication Principles.<br><br>This paper contains substantial duplication of original text from the paper cited below. The original text was copied without attribution (including appropriate references to the original author(s) and/or paper title) and without permission.<br><br>Due to the nature of this violation, reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper, and future references should be made to the following articles:<br><br>"Multiple Error Detection and Correction Based on Redundant Residue Number Systems"<br>by Vik Tor Goh and M.U. Siddiqi,<br>in the IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.56, no.3, March 2008, pp.325-330<br><br>"A Coding Theory Approach to Error Control in Redundant Residue Number Systems. I: Theory and Single Error Correction"<br>by H. Krishna, K-Y. Lin, and J-D. Sun,<br>in the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, vol.39, no.1, Jan 1992, pp. 8-17<br><br> <br/> We propose an effective scheme based on redundant residue number systems (RRNS) for radiation hardening of datapath in this paper. The proposed hardening scheme employs redundant residues to mitigate soft errors. We use the properties of RRNS, such as independence, parallel and error correction, to establish the radiation hardening architecture for datapath in radiation environments. In the architecture, all of the residues can be processed independently, and most of soft errors in datapath can be corrected with the redundant relationship of the residues at correction module, which is allocated at the end of the architecture. There is not any additional processing in the architecture but correction operation and binary to residue translation. Thus, the proposed scheme has high efficiency when the processing steps of datapath are large. In order to provide protection for the key module in the proposed scheme, correction module, some traditional protection methods, including Guard-gate register triple modular redundancy (G-RTMR), pipeline-level TMR, and module-level TMR, are used to construct the hybrid protection schemes. In the case studies, we find that the RRNS based scheme and the hybrid schemes can reduce soft error rate from 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-17</sup> , 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-18</sup> , 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-25</sup> , and 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-25</sup> , respectively, only with 45.6-46.1% area overheads and negligible latency overheads, when the pipeline stages of datapath are 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> and the moduli set with correction capability of one residue is adopted. The case studies also show that the proposed schemes can achieve less area and latency overheads than that of datapath without radiation hardening, because RRNS can reduce the complexity of operations in datapath.