Notice of Retraction: Simulation and Analysis of Influence Factors on Performance of Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger for Ground Coupled Heat Pump

Abstract

A numerical heat transfer model of vertical ground heat exchanger was developed based on finite volume method, and the influence factors on performance of ground heat exchanger was investigated. Simulation results indicate that higher conductivity of pipe material is more benefit to enhance the performance of ground heat exchanger. The heat transfer of ground heat exchanger increases with the augment of borehole length, while the heat transfer rate per unit length goes in the opposite direction. The flow rate of the fluid should be maintained at a lower level when the fluid is under turbulent flow conditions. Operation mode has large effect on performance of ground heat exchanger, and the design of ground heat exchanger should fully consider the load characteristics and operation mode.