Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to label one face to which it refers using a commonly accepted concept or linguistic term that corresponds to a given face class. Therefore, a facial semantic description method based on the axiomatic fuzzy set (AFS) theory is proposed. Firstly, the facial geometric features are defined based on the landmarks, such as distance features, angle features and scale features, etc. And then the salient features are selected via AFS feature selection method, and the fuzzy linguistic terms are defined the selected features. Thirdly, the facial descriptions which can characterize the salient characteristics are extracted via a clustering scheme in the framework of AFS theory. Multiple experiments are done on Chinese ethnic face database including Korean, Uyghur and Zhuang. The experimental results demonstrate that AFS feature selection can obtain higher accuracies via AFS clustering algorithm for each ethnic group than that via mRMR. Furthermore, compared with k-means, FCM and Minmax k-means, AFS clustering algorithm obtains the highest accuracies for each ethnic group, which verifies the efficacy of the proposed semantic extractor. Consequently, one comparative experimental results verify the consistency between the extracted semantic description method and the facial physical characteristics in physical anthropology. Also the facial semantics would be very useful to further describe some facial action units or facial expressions, which can be further used for affection analysis of images as well as semi-automatic action unit/facial expression annotation.
Highlights
With the Chinese development for thousands of years, due to the influence of history, geography, climate, culture and the most important genetic factors, all ethnic groups have their own characteristics in facial features
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS an experiment on the Chinese ethnic face database is conducted via some well-known algorithms
Chinese ethnic face database including Zhuang, Uyghur and Korean was collected by Wang et al [14], which includes frontal facial images of 100 people for each ethnic group (300 face images in total), half males and half females
Summary
With the Chinese development for thousands of years, due to the influence of history, geography, climate, culture and the most important genetic factors, all ethnic groups have their own characteristics in facial features. Ethnic information in the facial features included in the human face (such as age, gender, ethnicity, etc.) has high practical value in computer vision and anthropology. The extraction of facial features from ethnic groups has an important position in face recognition. In the multi-ethnic facial feature extraction, a Chinese multi-ethnic face database is established [1], [2], and conducted preliminary research on the facial feature extraction. An ethnic face database [3] is created by extracting three types of features as ethnic representations. The discriminative power of the extracted features is demonstrated by learning the ethnicity manifold. The above researches focus on the low-level feature extraction
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