Abstract
Between now and the near future, the Internet of Things (IoT) will redesign the socio-ecological morphology of the human terrain. The IoT ecosystem deploys diverse sensor platforms connecting millions of heterogeneous objects through the Internet. Irrespective of sensor functionality, most sensors are low energy consumption devices and are designed to transmit sporadically or continuously. However, when we consider the millions of connected sensors powering various user applications, their energy efficiency (EE) becomes a critical issue. Therefore, the importance of EE in IoT technology, as well as the development of EE solutions for sustainable IoT technology, cannot be overemphasised. Propelled by this need, EE proposals are expected to address the EE issues in the IoT context. Consequently, many developments continue to emerge, and the need to highlight them to provide clear insights to researchers on eco-sustainable and green IoT technologies becomes a crucial task. To pursue a clear vision of green IoT, this study aims to present the current state-of-the art insights into energy saving practices and strategies on green IoT. The major contribution of this study includes reviews and discussions of substantial issues in the enabling of hardware green IoT, such as green machine to machine, green wireless sensor networks, green radio frequency identification, green microcontroller units, integrated circuits and processors. This review will contribute significantly towards the future implementation of green and eco-sustainable IoT.
Highlights
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm whose aim is the advancement of telecommunications in all spheres of human life, leading to a substantial improvement in the quality of human life and the world’s economic growth at large
We present an overview of controversial research topics on the green IoT ecosystem covering the recent industry development in the context of the main areas of application, challenges and key players
We summarise the major areas of research topics into wireless sensor networks (WSNs); radio frequency identification (RFID); and microcontroller units (MCUs), ICs, and processors
Summary
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm whose aim is the advancement of telecommunications in all spheres of human life, leading to a substantial improvement in the quality of human life and the world’s economic growth at large. The IoT will be capable of interconnecting millions of heterogeneous objects through the Internet by using different types of sensors like Radio-frequency identification (RFID) and crowd sensing technology. This work aims to present the current state-of-the-art energy saving practices and strategies for green IoT, with a focus on green IoT devices and the improvement of their EE. To this end, this study attempted to incorporate as many directions as possible. We summarise the major areas of research topics into WSN; RFID; and MCUs, ICs, and processors These areas were deeply investigated on the basis of their respective sub-domains to achieve a precise, concrete and concise conclusion.
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