Abstract
The concentration of the place-names with the formant -bur can be found in the central areas of western Iran, namely the plain(s) between the Bisutun, Ravansar, Pave, Sar-e Pol, Gilan and Chardavul rivers, running parallel on both sides of the so-called Great Khorasan Road,' which started in the west at approximately the Zagros Gates and passed through Kirind, Kermanshah, Kangavar and Bisutun, to Hamadan and further. An over-spill of such toponomy was also encountered in the neighbouring regions of Luristan and Azerbaijan, as well as on two traditional routes through the Alborz Mountain passes, that of Qiziluzun/Sefid-rud, and Firuz-kuh. Another concentration of the geographical names with -biir was found in the Amol-Sari region. Very few or no such place-names were found in the southwest, south, southeast, east, or in the central regions of Iran. There are also many other towns and villages with possible association with -buir, such as the following: Baran and Burnn (two different plurals of -blar); Barak little Bur; Bulrakan, Buraki, Burlk, Bur-savar a rider on grey (horse) (in Dizful Bur-suvar is applied to the Lurs who ride grey horses); Hazar-buran thousand Burs; Tape-ye hill (of the) Bur; Burbur-tape Biirbur hill; Bufri-mulk Bur property/town; Dih-i-Bur, Dih-ibure, Dih-i-bura, all meaning village (of the) Bur; Buir-mahala Bur neighbourhood, Bar-xani spring of Bur; Bur-sar of or situated at the head of the river Bur; Pi-an-btir, or Ps7nBulr anciently/ previously Bur, etc. Historical evidence of the existence of the formant -bar may also be found in Mesopotamia: the city of Xa-bur, situated on the river of the same name,2 at the confluence of the river Xa-biir with the Euphrates. Further to the above, fifteen locations bearing the tribal name of Burbur (probably, the reduplication of-buir) exist in present-day Iran:
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