Notes on the Locality of some Fossils found in the Carboniferous Rocks at T'ang Shan, China

Abstract

The fossils which form the subject of this paper were found at Tang Shan, Ch'iao Chia T'un, in Lan Chow of the Province of Chih Li, and about 120 miles from the treaty port of Tientsin, in a N.N.E. direction from that port. A Chinese company has been formed, known as the “Chinese Engineering and Mining Company,” to work the bituminous coal deposits there found on the European system. Mining operations were commenced in 1878 by ascertaining the locality of the coal-seams by boring with the diamond boring-machine. The bore-holes, three in number, averaged about 400 feet apart; the third and deepest of the three driven reached a depth of 536 feet. The seams dip at an angle of 45° to the north, calculated by the angle of the strata found in the bores. The thickness of the coal-seams, not taken at the slant but parallel to the beds, is as follows :— The seams are in curves or folds ; one seam that comes to the surface at the back of the colliery, again appears above ground halfway from the colliery to Kai P'ing (say three miles from the first outcrop), and again five miles further on, trending in a northerly direction. Some very good magnetite, containing between 45 and 50 per cent. of metallic iron, has been found at Pal Mah Shun, about seventeen miles from T'ang Shah. I t is intended to erect rolling-mills near the colliery, and place them also under foreign superintendence, trams being laid