Abstract
The immature stages of Trupanea actinobola (Loew), a seed-feeding tephritid, infest the unopened and fully developed flower heads of the daisy fleabane, Erigeron strigosus Muhl. One hundred seventeen unopened flower buds and fully opened flower heads contained 140 pupae and 134 larvae. From 2 to 12 pupae may occupy a pupal chamber in a seed head. Dead seeds or eaten achenes form the pupal chamber around the pupae. Two hymenopterous parasites, Heteroschema punctata (Ashmead) and Colotrechnus ignotus Burks, family Pteromalidae, were reared from the immature stages of T. actinobola. The study was conducted during April and May 1967.
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