Notes on Extraction of Energy from an~Extremal Kerr–Newman Black Hole via Charged Particle Collisions

Abstract

The so-called BSW effect is an idealised scenario for high-energy test particle collisions in the vicinity of black holes; if the black hole is extremal and one of the particles fine-tuned, the centre-of-mass collision energy can be arbitrarily high. It has been recently shown that the energy of escaping particles produced in this process can also be arbitrarily high in the given approximation, as long as both the black hole and the escaping particles are charged, regardless of how small the black-hole charge might be. We revisit these results and show that they are also compatible with properties of microscopic particles for the case of motion in the equatorial plane of an extremal Kerr-Newman black hole.