Abstract
The male and female genitalia of Anthrax fuscipennis (Ricardo, 1903) from the type locality, island of Sokotra, were examined and are shown to be different to those of specimens from Africa and Arabia that have, at times, been identified as A. fuscipennis. These other specimens are shown to comprise two partially sympatric species, A. dentata (Becker, 1906) and A. johanni Zaitzev, 1997. Characters for the separation of the three species are given. A new name, Anthrax ricardoi is proposed for A. fuscipennis (Ricardo) which is preoccupied by Macquart (1834). The synonymy of the western Palaearctic A. trifasciatus Meigen, 1804, and A. leucogaster Wiedemann, 1820, is confirmed and A. heteropyga (Sack, 1909) is also shown to be a synonym of A. trifasciatus. All Afrotropical specimens examined with similar wing pattern were identified as A. doliops Hesse, 1956. Four closely related Afrotropical species (A. cuthbertsoni Hesse, 1956, A. eremobius Hesse, 1956, A. leucrurus Hesse, 1956 and A. puncturellus Hesse, 1950.) are possibly synonyms of A. doliops but cannot be confirmed without the examination of the genitalia of both sexes of each species.
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