Note on rare Z-boson decays to double heavy quarkonia* *Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11575175, 12047502) and National Research and development Program of China (2020YFA0406400)

Abstract

Within the standard model, we have investigated rare Z-boson decays into double heavy quarkonia, and , with V and P denoting vector and pseudoscalar quarkonia, respectively. It is assumed that the leading-order QCD diagrams would give the dominant contributions to these processes, and the corresponding branching fractions, for instance, , have been estimated to be approximately in literature. However, these decays could also happen through electromagnetic transitions and , with the virtual photon transforming into V. Interestingly, the smallness of the vector quarkonium mass can give rise to a large factor relative to the QCD contributions, which thus counteracts the suppression from the electromagnetic coupling. We systematically include these two types of contributions in our calculation to predict branching fractions for these decays. Particularly, owing to the virtual photon effects, it is found that will be significantly enhanced, up to .