Abstract
The following article aims to study the political, institutional, and legal organization of the Portuguese Empire, taking the studies of Antonio Manuel Hespanha as its theoretical framework. It aims to analyze the Ancien Regime in Portugal, characterized as it was by the corporate system, the pulverization of powers, and by the moral economy of privileges. It analyzes the application of ius commune – written common law – which consists in the union of Roman, Canon, and customary law, always employed in a subsidiary fashion to local customs. Finally, it concludes by touching on the organization of the spaces of the Portuguese Empire in municipal chambers, taking into account the specific nature of the period’s law and institutions. The inductive method will be used, by means of bibliographic research.
Highlights
Notes on the institutional organization of the Portuguese Empire
The European Ancien Régime and municipal councils Abstract The following article aims to study the political, institutional, and legal organization of the Portuguese Empire, taking the studies of António Manuel Hespanha as its theoretical framework. It aims to analyze the Ancien Régime in Portugal, characterized as it was by the corporate system, the pulverization of powers, and by the moral economy of privileges
It analyzes the application of ius commune – written common law – which consists in the union of Roman, Canon, and customary law, always employed in a subsidiary fashion to local customs
Summary
Resumo O artigo se destina ao estudo da organização política, institucional e jurídica do Império Português. Justamente por isso, os meios do exercício do poder deviam ser, fundamentalmente, juízos proferidos pelas autoridades competentes, motivo pelo qual até o final do século XVIII o exercício da política era praticamente indissociável dos meandros da justiça, sendo, sobretudo, “coisa de juristas” Tido como modelo de ação políticoadministrativa, sabe-se que para além dele há ainda mais duas características que explicam e definem o antigo regime português, de acordo com Hespanha: o governo poli-sinodal (modelo de organização) e o processo burocrático (estilo de processamento de assuntos). A convivência entre os diferentes níveis de direito era central, sempre voltada para a melhor resolução dos casos concretos: Na arquitetura do ius commune, a primeira preocupação era torna-los harmônicos na sua diversidade, sem que isso implicasse que e alguns deles devessem ser absolutamente sacrificados aos outros. De forma geral, eram responsáveis pela delimitação e regulação das atribuições dos oficias régios, e não tinham a pretensão de controlar as relações individuais (SALGADO, 1985, p. 15-16)
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