Abstract
The Common Core State Standards and the continued inclusion of students with learning disabilities (LD) in Tier 1 classrooms are changing how close reading of texts occurs in English Language Arts classrooms. Therefore, understanding the potential impact of literacy–related evidence–based practices during Tier 1 instruction that includes students with reading–related disabilities is essential. This article reviews the research on story–structure instruction for students with LD and at–risk for failure. Findings across 16 studies indicate several features of strong methodological designs including random assignment and inclusion of students with LD. However, substantial limitations in the research base include contradictory outcomes, limited outcomes disaggregated for students with LD, reliance on researcher–developed measures, a lack of instructional features to support students with LD, and limited features of feasible implementation.
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