Abstract
This study examined characteristics of trunk muscles electrical activity in young adults performed in the course of static and dynamic trunk muscles strengthening exercises using different lumbar spine stabilization manoeuvres. Twenty young adults (Mage = 25.5 SD = 2.91) participated in this study. Of the 20, 11 subjects (5 males and 6 females) reported no history of pain, 9 subjects (5 males and 4 females) reported lower back pain (LBP) within the last three months. Subjects performed lumbar spine stabilization manoeuvres (abdominal bracing (AB) and abdominal hollowing (AH)) with static and dynamic abdominal muscles strengthening exercises (i.e., plank, side-bridges, and curl-ups). Noraxon Telemyo twelve channel electromyography device (Noraxon USA, Inc.) was used to record EMG data from rectus abdominal muscle (RA), external oblique muscles (EO), internal oblique muscles (IO), and erector spine muscles (ES). In static exercises such as side-bridge exercise, significantly higher RA muscle electrical activity was recorded with AB manoeuvre compared to AH manoeuvre both on the right side and left side respectively (Z = -2.17; p = 0.03; Z = 3.40; p = 0.001). In dynamic exercises such as curl-up exercise, during the lifting phase, median value of RA muscle activity with AB was significantly higher than with AH (Z = -2.315; p = 0.021). Median value of IO muscles activity with AH was significantly higher than with AB (Z = -3.230; p = 0.001). Our findings indicated that although surface muscles are more activated with AB manoeuvre exercises, deep abdominal muscles are more activated in exercises with AH manoeuvre. These findings can help practitioners design interventions to integrate AH manoeuvre for benefiting persons with lumbar instability.
Highlights
Pain is generally defined as the perception of a distressing experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage that entails sensory, cognitive, emotional, and social components [1]
Side-bridge exercise performed on the right side showed significantly higher rectus abdominal muscle (RA) muscle electrical activity with abdominal bracing (AB) manoeuvre compared to Abdominal hollowing (AH) manoeuvre (Z = -2.17; p = 0.03)
Significant differences were found in electrical activity of external oblique muscles (EO) and erector spine muscles (ES) muscles in side-bridge exercise on the left side with different stabilization manoeuvres (Z = -2.535; p = 0.011; Z = -2.178; p = 0.029)
Summary
Pain is generally defined as the perception of a distressing experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage that entails sensory, cognitive, emotional, and social components [1]. Lower back pain (LBP) refers to muscle tension, stiffness or discomfort localized below the rib cage and above the upper buttock folds [2]. LBP is very common and remains a frequent cause of disability in modern society [3, 4]. Despite the common occurrence of pain; studies are yet to examine the influence and effects of different lumbar spine stabilization manoeuvres in dynamic exercise
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