Abstract
Gender identities and roles have changed over time and have reached their present meanings. In addition, the expectations and acceptance of different cultures have caused these roles to show various developments. Finally, the increase in immigration to Europe has forced these young people who grew up in other cultures and their families to learn to live in a new culture and mandatory adaptation of two cultures. The biggest problem with mixing in a new culture was that the male trait, defined as toxic masculinity and taught as a power in eastern cultures, was not accepted in this new culture. Toxic masculinity is a man proving his existence to his gender, other genders, and entire social environment through anger, destructiveness, and pressure. “CommUnity” Project aims to bring together the young people of these different cultures with art-based design thinking activities. Those will help them get to know, understand, and adapt to each other in a peaceful environment where they can discuss the problem solutions openly and do art activities together.The main expectation is that the young people who have changed with these works will influence their environment and lead to a shared society that does not experience unnecessary violence and radicalism and lives in harmony.
Highlights
Gender identities and roles have changed over time and have reached their present meanings
The results showed that there was a hierarchical structure between boys, which was rooted in how actively they projected their gender identity and masculinity (Connell, 1983; Kessler, Ashenden et al, 1982)
In addition to this, hegemonic masculinity covers a man’s healthy competitiveness, being a reliable provider or being good at his career and as there is nothing bad in a man’s pride, in his ability to win at sports, to succeed at work and provide for his family, a need for a subtitle arose to define the negative aspects of masculinity and “toxic masculinity” was preferred
Summary
Masculinity and femininity are universal concepts which have been a part of our lives ever since human beings started living together in communities. Between the 1820s to 1860s, the concepts of “true woman” and “true man” were structured and male and female roles were defined by these (Katz, 1983, 1995). The description of “true man” and masculinity (heterosexuality) given above was valid until around 1980s but recently masculinity has been defined with attributes like misogyny and homophobia in addition to the above given ones (Mahalik, Good et al, 2003). These concepts play a significant role in understanding masculinity today
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