Abstract
This study investigates the performance nose-angle piers as countermeasures for local scour reduction around piers. Four nose angles were studied, i.e., 90°, 70°, 60° and 45° and tested in a laboratory. The sediment size was fixed at 0.39 mm whereas the flow angle of attack (or skew angle) was varied at four angles, i.e., skew angles, i.e., 0°, 10°, 20° and 30°. Scour reduction was clear when decreasing nose angles and reached maximum when the nose angle is 45°. Increasing the flow velocity and skew angle was subsequently increasing the scour profile, both in vertical and transversal directions. However, the efficiency of nose angle piers was only high at low Froude number less than 0.40 where higher Froude number gives minimal changes in the maximum scour depth reduction. At a higher skew angle, although showed promising maximum scour depth reduction, the increasing pier projected width resulted in the increase of transversal lengths.
Highlights
Recent scour-related bridge catastrophes throughout the world have received much attention due to its massive impact, on the economy (Akib, Mamat, Basser, & Jahangirzadeh, 2014)
More than 1000 bridges have collapsed over the past 30 years in the United States of America (USA), with 60% of the failures occurring due to scour
The flume is divided into three parts, i.e. the inlet part, the working section and the outlet part
Summary
Recent scour-related bridge catastrophes throughout the world have received much attention due to its massive impact, on the economy (Akib, Mamat, Basser, & Jahangirzadeh, 2014). More than 1000 bridges have collapsed over the past 30 years in the United States of America (USA), with 60% of the failures occurring due to scour. This severe problem occurred in many East Asian countries, such as Taiwan, Japan, Korea, because these areas are subjected to several typhoon and flood events each year during the summer and fall seasons. According to the National Transportation Safety Board (1990), the 1989 catastrophic collapse of the several bridges over the Hatchie River in Tennessee (USA) resulted in the death of eight people. In an intensive study of bridge failures in the United States, (Ross, Sicking, Zimmer, & Michie, 1993) reported that the Federal Highways Administration in 1978 claimed damages to bridges and highways from major regional floods in 1964 and 1972 were estimated about $100 million per event
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