North-east Atlantic and Mediterranean species of the genus Buffonellaria (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata): implications for biodiversity and biogeography

Abstract

In this study we revise the cheilostome bryozoan genus Buffonellaria Canu & Bassler, 1927 and its Mediterranean and north-east Atlantic species, thereby addressing several existing problems. First, a lectotype for the type species, Buffonellaria divergens (Smitt, 1873) from Florida, is chosen, which proves to be distinct from the European species. Second, the two hitherto established north-east Atlantic species [Buffonellaria nebulosa (Jullien & Calvet, 1903) and Buffonellaria porcellanum Aristegui Ruiz, 1987], are redescribed, which were poorly documented until now. Third, close inspection of material, collected from Spitsbergen to tropical West Africa, using scanning electron microscopy reveals that the actual number of species, all previously referred to either B. divergens or Stephanosella biaperta (Michelin, 1848), is distinctly greater in the north-east Atlantic than has been previously acknowledged. As a result, seven new species are introduced (Buffonellaria acorensis sp. nov., Buffonellaria antoniettae sp. nov., Buffonellaria arctica sp. nov., Buffonellaria harmelini sp. nov., Buffonellaria jensi sp. nov., Buffonellaria muriella sp. nov., and Buffonellaria ritae sp. nov.), whereas two are left in open nomenclature. With the increase in number of species, the extremely broad geographical range of distribution assumed for B. divergens breaks down to numerous restricted areas. However, although most species have only been reported from a single location, B. arctica sp. nov. seems to have a fairly wide distribution in the Arctic region. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 152, 537–566.