Normative Values of Static-dynamic Plantar Pressure and its Cutoff Values

Abstract

Pressure measurement technology is being increasingly used by physical therapists, podiatric physicians, and surgeons in both clinical practice and research. Plantar pressure was recently proposed as a strong predictor of adverse outcomes. Few reviews have been conducted to identify a standard for the plantar pressure in healthy participants, older people, and children. The aims of this study were to explore currently available normative values of static-dynamic plantar pressure and its cutoff values. The SCOPUS, Rehabilitation, MEDLINE, EBSCO, PEDro, and PubMed electronic databases were systematically searched from January 2000 to December 2022. All articles were analyzed using a standardized template to extract various data, such as the first author's details, publication year, country of origin, participant age and gender, sample size, population characteristics, instrument used for measurement, plantar pressure distribution (PPD) type, normative data, and cutoff values. In literature review, the researchers selected nine studies, and in all studies, they selected different areas of foot for normative values. Areas selected for PPD were forefoot, hallux, big toe, second toe, third through fifth toes, toes 2–5, metatarsal 1–5, lateral forefoot, middle forefoot, medial forefoot, midfoot, lateral midfoot, medial forefoot, lateral area of the heel, medial area of the heel, heel, right foot total, left foot total, and right + left total. Age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) affect the results of the plantar pressure. It is necessary to take age, gender, and BMI into consideration when conducting stratified physical evaluations for the evaluation of older people individuals’ screening and outcome.