Abstract
The Tinkertoy test is a tool for the neuropsychological assessment of executive functions and a predictor of employability. Originally a children’s toy comprising pieces to assemble freely, the TinkerToy Test examines organizational abilities, planning, and response flexibility. It allows subjects to use their own initiative and does not force them to choose from a series of predetermined alternatives. Tinkertoy test normative values were collected from 256 neurologically healthy Italian subjects. Multivariable analysis showed sex and education to have significant confounding effects. Adjusted and inferential cut-off points were determined and converted into equivalent scores, applying a distribution-free technique.
Highlights
Executive functions are the cognitive capacities that control lowerlevel functions and are essential to future-oriented thought and behaviour
The Tinkertoy test (TTT) could not be administered during psychometric neuropsychological examinations, owing to the absence of normative values, apt to compare the performance of frontal brain-damaged patients with the mean performance of unimpaired subjects with similar demographic features
Statistical analyses were adopted according to the methodology that is most widely used in Italy for the computation of normative values[2,6,7,8,14,21,22]
Summary
Executive functions are the cognitive capacities that control lowerlevel functions and are essential to future-oriented thought and behaviour. They are affected by head injuries[24] or arise because of a focal frontal lesion, either cortical[5,24,25] or subcortical[13]. Executive functions include processes that are complex, mixed together and in constant interaction. They facilitate the optimum adaptation of the individual to the environment[1,16,23,24]. None of the tools currently in use for evaluating the performance in the domain of executive functions is able to assess how the patients are able to formulate a goal and to plan how to pursue it, which are prerequisites for a return to work as well as for social life
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