Abstract
ABSTRACTImpact microindentation (IMI) is a novel technique for assessing the bone material strength index (BMSi) in vivo. However, no studies have presented normative data for BMSi. The aim of this study was to develop such normative data using a population‐based sample of men, randomly selected from electoral rolls for the Barwon Statistical Division in southeastern Australia to participate in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. BMSi was measured on the tibial plateau using an OsteoProbe in 405 men (ages 33 to 96 years) during the period 2016 to 2019. Associations between BMSi, age, and anthropometry were examined using linear regression models. BMSi values ranged from 49.0 to 100.5. BMSi was negatively correlated with age (r = −0.152, p = 0.002), weight (r = −0.103, p = 0.039), and BMI (r = −0.187, p < 0.001), and positively correlated with height (r = +0.107, p = 0.032). Mean ± SD BMSi was 82.6 ± 7.0 for the whole group, and ranged from 85.6 ± 6.0 for ages 30 to 39 years to 79.8 ± 6.6 for ages 80+ years. This study provides normative data that can be used to calculate T‐ and Z‐scores for BMSi. These data will be useful for identifying men with low BMSi. Further research is warranted to derive optimal cut points for BMSi that discriminate fracture risk. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Highlights
Impact microindentation (IMI) uses a novel handheld device, the OsteoProbe, to assess cortical bone in vivo using a minimally invasive method.[1]
Previous studies have evaluated bone material strength index (BMSi) in relation to fragility fractures,(6–8) chronic kidney disease,(9) and type 2 diabetes.[10,11] The clinical nature of such samples and, sometimes, opportunistic samples used as controls, have failed to inform the BMSi values in the underlying populations
We have previously reported the opinions of the men in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study (GOS) regarding their experience with the OsteoProbe, and showed that participants tolerated the procedure well, demonstrating the high feasibility of performing IMI measures.[15]
Summary
Impact microindentation (IMI) uses a novel handheld device, the OsteoProbe, to assess cortical bone in vivo using a minimally invasive method.[1]. Lower BMSi values are likely to be associated with an increased risk of fracture. Previous studies have evaluated BMSi in relation to fragility fractures,(6–8) chronic kidney disease,(9) and type 2 diabetes.[10,11] The clinical nature of such samples and, sometimes, opportunistic samples used as controls, have failed to inform the BMSi values in the underlying populations. It is important to note that the application of inappropriate reference data for clinical assessment of BMSi may bias estimates of fracture risk.[12] To our knowledge, no studies to date have reported normative data for BMSi. The aim of this study was to develop age-related reference ranges for BMSi using an Australian, population-based sample of men
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