Abstract
Purpose: The current study aimed to investigate the normative data for blood pressure. Materials and Methods: From 2017 to 2020, 2032 men and women classified as ‘war veterans’ were recruited (mean age ± standard deviation (SD): 60.97 ± 7.98 years; mean stature: 172.50 ± 9.10 cm; mean body mass: 90.25 ± 36.45 kg; mean body-mass index: 29.66 ± 5.59 kg/m2; 29.9% women). Their systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured three times. The procedure was carried out according to the American Heart Organization. The sex-specific and age-specific normative data for the 5th, 25th, 50th (median), 75th, and 90th percentiles for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (measured as SBP-DBP) and mid-BP (the average of SBP and DBP) were presented. Results: The men had higher SBP (p < 0.001), DBP (p < 0.001), pulse pressure (p < 0.001) and mid-BP (p < 0.001) compared to the women. The age-specific differences showed that older individuals had higher values of SBP (p < 0.001), pulse pressure (p < 0.001), and mid-BP (p < 0.001), while no significant differences for DBP (p = 0.496) were observed. Conclusions: This is the first study providing sex-specific and age-specific normative data for blood pressure in war veterans.
Highlights
Blood pressure is an essential component of everyday systematic examination in humans
From systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), an additional measure can be calculated, i.e., pulse pressure (SBP-DBP), which has been associated with a higher likelihood for developing cardiovascular diseases [1]
The body-mass index values showed no significant differences between the sexes
Summary
Blood pressure is an essential component of everyday systematic examination in humans. Studies have shown that high SBP and DBP are associated with increased cardiovascular risks [2]. It has been well-documented that higher levels of BP are associated with reduced cognitive functioning, including alternations in cerebral perfusion and changing the ratio of the white matter [4], leading to structural brain changes, dementia disorders, and Alzheimer’s disease [5]. From SBP and DBP, an additional measure can be calculated, i.e., pulse pressure (SBP-DBP), which has been associated with a higher likelihood for developing cardiovascular diseases [1]. Previous evidence reported that the global mean age-standardized SBP and DBP in the general population were 127.0 mm/Hg and 78.7 mm/Hg in men and 122.3 mm/Hg and 76.7 mm/Hg in women, with higher SBP and DBP observed in Central and Eastern
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