Abstract
Summary Considering reciprocity where the traveltime is an even function of the offset or horizontal-slowness, the fourth-order normal moveout (NMO) series are governed by the normal-incidence time and eight effective parameters: three second-order and five fourth-order. Local effective parameters are related to the individual layers, while the global effective parameters are related to the overburden multi-layer model. Local and global parameters are related by forward and inverse Dix-type transforms. The NMO formulae are different in the slowness and offset domains, but the eight parameters are the same in both cases. We suggest a new set of intuitive normalized effective parameters, classified into two “azimuthally isotropic” and six “azimuthally anisotropic” parameters. We provide feasible ranges for the normalized parameters, thus allowing their used for controlled inversion.
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