Abstract
There are limited studies on the normal values of eye protrusion in Iran. Systematic efforts to provide acceptable normal exophthalmometry values for Iranian population are required for a proper approach to orbital diseases.English and Farsi language publications in PubMed, the ISI Web of Knowledge database, Iranian SID, and Iran Medex were searched using the following keywords: “proptosis”, “eye protrusion”, “exophthalmous”, “Hertel exophthalmometer” and “Iran”. Four articles from 1995 to 2010 were found and included in the meta-analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the Metan command within Stata 15.0 software.It included 3,696 subjects in whom the average eye protrusion was 16.5 mm (95% CI: 15.1–17.8) in men and 16.2 mm (95% CI: 14.6–17.7) in women (P = 0.5). Mean left and right eye protrusion were 16.3 (95% CI: 14.7–18.1) and 16.4 mm (95% CI: 14.8–17.7), (P = 0.3), respectively. While Iranian teenagers (13–19 years old) showed a mean value of 17.1 mm (95% CI: 15.0–19.1), older age group (20 years) showed a lower mean eye protrusion of 16.3 mm (95% CI: 14.8–17.7). Considering the two standard deviations, the highest normal value of eye protrusion in Iranian population is 20.1 mm.In conclusion,Iranian normal eye protrusion values were higher than Asians and lower than Caucasians.
Highlights
Different types of exophthalmometers can evaluate eye protrusion
The mean exophthalmometric value in Iranian population was 16.3 mm [Figure 3]
Iranian normal eye protrusion values were higher than that of Asians and lower than that of Caucasians [Table 3]. Results of this meta-analysis on 3,696 normal Iranians showed that the mean eye protrusion was neither significantly different between men (16.5 mm) and women (16.2 mm) nor between the right (16.3) and the left (16.4 mm) eyes
Summary
Different types of exophthalmometers can evaluate eye protrusion. Normal Exophthalmometric Values; Bagheri et al Hertel exophthalmometer is the most commonly used exophthalmometer in clinical settings.[4] It measures the distance between the apex of the cornea to the zygomatic arch on the lateral edge of the orbit. Previous studies have proved the reliability of the Hertel exophthalmometer,[4, 5] some have shown limited reproducibility among the examiners.[6,7,8] Such a limitation usually roots from irregularity of the lateral orbital rims, parallax errors, compression of adjacent soft tissues, and the absence of a uniform measuring procedure.[9]
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