Abstract
In this paper, the normal and extreme wind conditions for power at 12 coastal locations along China’s coastline were investigated. For this purpose, the daily meteorological data measured at the standard 10-m height above ground for periods of 40–62 years are statistically analyzed. The East Asian Monsoon that affects almost China’s entire coastal region is considered as the leading factor determining wind energy resources. For most stations, the mean wind speed is higher in winter and lower in summer. Meanwhile, the wind direction analysis indicates that the prevalent winds in summer are southerly, while those in winter are northerly. The air densities at different coastal locations differ significantly, resulting in the difference in wind power density. The Weibull and lognormal distributions are applied to fit the yearly wind speeds. The lognormal distribution performs better than the Weibull distribution at 8 coastal stations according to two judgement criteria, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and absolute error (AE). Regarding the annual maximum extreme wind speed, the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution performs better than the commonly-used Gumbel distribution. At these southeastern coastal locations, strong winds usually occur in typhoon season. These 4 coastal provinces, that is, Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan, and Zhejiang, which have abundant wind resources, are also prone to typhoon disasters.
Highlights
During the past few decades, energy consumption increased rapidly in China with the development of economy [1, 2]
For Changhai station, located on an island in the northern Yellow Sea, the highest wind speed occurs in November (5.8 m/s); the lowest wind speed occurs in June (3.9 m/s)
For Qingdao station, at the southern coast of Shandong Peninsula, the highest wind speed occurs in April (5.5 m/s) and the lowest wind speed occurs in August (4.3 m/s)
Summary
During the past few decades, energy consumption increased rapidly in China with the development of economy [1, 2]. The conflict between energy demand and supply will become the major constraint on sustainable development in the future. As the nation’s most densely populated area, China's coastal regions have already faced the problem of electricity shortage [2,3]. China mainly relies on non-renewable fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, rather than renewable energy sources [4]. One of the most economical renewable forms of energy, has the potential to significantly reduce fuel costs and greenhouse gas emissions [5,6,7]. Wind power is one possible solution to respond to electricity shortage and the effects of climate change in China’s coastal regions
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