Abstract
Success in cattle breeding is one of the most important goals in livestock farming and it requires particular attention when it is about securing unobstructed reproduction. Final goal in cattle breeding is to produce one live calf per year, which will likewise enhance milk production through successful pregnancy. The aim of our research was to monitor uterine involution speed with aid of ultrasound device and make records when cows are ready to be inseminated again, which cows need more time to complete involution and how many cows will have uterine disorders and require therapy. The experiment was carried out from October 2009 until the end of January 2010. In our experiment 50 cows were included and 412 transrectal ultrasound examinations were performed. Cows were transrectally examined, starting from 6th day postpartum until 52 days postpartum. Speed of uterine involution has been monitored through decrease of uterine horn diameter and wall thickness. Cows with normal puerperium have completed involution in the period from 38 - 45 days postpartum, while those with abnormal puerperium needed more time to complete it or required therapy of disturbed uterine status. In total 48% of cows had normal uterine involution, 52% of cows had some abnormalities in involution and 10% of cows in experiment required therapy. With continuous monitoring of reproductive tract in cattle with ultrasound it is possible to timely detect right time for first insemination postpartum, decrease period of open days or to detect abnormalities in uterine health status and treat it.
Highlights
Success in cattle production and dairy cows housing represent very important work, in territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and much wider
Remaining animals with puerperium abnormalities did not had expressed clinical signs of disease, but some of them had abnormal content in the uterus and lochia and few weeks later they had mucopurulent and purulent vaginal discharge. These abnormalities in health status of the uterus could be observed through measured values of uterine horn diameter and wall thickness using ultrasonography
Speed of involutive processes in the uterus in both studied groups was most expressed with first three weeks postpartum, it begins to slows and between fourth and fifth week remains at approximately same level until involution has been completed
Summary
Success in cattle production and dairy cows housing represent very important work, in territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and much wider. To ensure successful dairy cows breeding, a lot of attention must be devoted to keep good reproductive performances. By obtaining one calf per year, provides an increase of livestock but likewise increase of produced milk through increase of udder's secretory tissue during gestation (Peter et al, 2009). After parturition begins period of puerperium, when reproductive system returns to itself former pregravid state, so female can conceive again. Puerperium lasts until reproductive functions are not fully restored, so that gestation can occur. Genital system never fully returns to itself former pregravid state, especially after first parturition, because certain changes are not fully reversible (Mutevelić et al, 2003)
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