Norelgestromin as selective estrogen enzyme modulator in human breast cancer cell lines: Effect on sulfatase activity in comparison to medroxyprogesterone acetate

Abstract

Human breast cancer tissue contains enzymes (estrone sulfatase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, aromatase) involved in the last steps of estradiol (E 2) formation. In this tissue, E 2 can be synthesized by two main pathways: (1) sulfatase—transforms estrogen sulfates into bioactive E 2, and the (2) aromatase—converts androgens into estrogens. Quantitative assessment of E 2 formation in human breast tumors indicates that metabolism of estrone sulfate (E 1S) via the sulfatase pathway produces 100–500 times more E 2 than androgen aromatization. In the present study, we demonstrated in T-47D and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells that norelgestromin (NGMN) (a metabolite of norgestimate) is a potent inhibitory agent of the estrone sulfatase activity. After 24 h incubation of physiological concentrations of E 1S (5×10 −9 mol/l) the inhibitory effect of NGMN at concentrations of 5×10 −9, 5×10 −7 and 5×10 −5 mol/l was 43±7, 74±4 and 97±2%, respectively, in T-47D cells; 25±4, 57±5 and 96±2% respectively, in MCF-7 cells. Comparative studies using medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) showed that this progestin also has an inhibitory effect on sulfatase activity, but significantly less intense than that of NGMN. The inhibition for MPA at concentrations of 5×10 −9, 5×10 −7 and 5×10 −5 mol/l was 31±5, 47±3 and 61±3%, respectively, for T-47D cells; 6±3, 20±3 and 63±4%, respectively, for MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, the present data show that NGMN is a very potent inhibitory agent for sulfatase activity in the hormone-dependent breast cancer cells, resulting in decreased tissue concentration of E 2. The clinical significance of this finding remains to be elucidated.