Nontrivial application of Nielsen theory to differential systems

Abstract

In reply to a problem of Jean Leray concerning application of the Nielsen theory to differential systems for obtaining multiplicity results, we present a nontrivial example of such an application. The emphasis is on the parameter space in order to ensure that no subdomain becomes subinvariant under the related Hammerstein solution operator. To achieve this goal, we develop a general method applicable also for ordinary differential equations with or without uniqueness as well as for upper-Carathéodory differential inclusions. We are not aware that any alternative approach can be employed, even in the single-valued case.