Abstract
The fundamental importance is exposed of the founded rejection of the failed sp3-hybridization model of the carbon atom for the thermodynamic analysis of the structural and energy correspondence of compounds and nonelectrolytes solutions substantiating the adequate picture of the specificity of nature of the intermolecular interactions and the quantitative estimation of their energies. The main principles of the new approaches are formulated for the thermodynamic analysis of structures and energies of the specific interactions formed by all free bond vacancies of molecules in the liquid and crystalline state of organic and organoelemental compounds. The validity of the new approach is substantiated by the analysis of the thermodynamic and other properties of the functional solvents (formamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide) taking into consideration the inherent to them variations in the types of the hydrogen bonds and specific interactions formed by the pentacoordinate carbon atom and the established energy values of the interactions.
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