Abstract
The application of non-thermal bio-compatible plasma (NBP) for stem cell differentiation is promising in tissue engineering. However, the differentiation efficiency of NBP treatment on various types of human tissue-derived stem cells and the underlying mechanisms is yet understood. This study is the first time to investigate the role of NBP in inducing differentiation and its potential molecular mechanism by using human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSCs) and human periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (hPDLSCs). Our results showed that NBP promote osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs more effectively than hBMSCs under the same treatment condition, indicating a tissue-dependent manner of NBP interacts with stem cells. Furthermore, an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of hPDLSCs and antioxidant enzymes activation was observed after NBP treatment. Particularly, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) level was also increased and in consistent with ROS level increase. Taken together, this study revealed that with NBP induction, hPDLSCs is a more suitable stem cell source than hBMSCs for bone regeneration and tissue engineering, and ROS-induced activation of MAPKs are possibly involved in the osteogenic differentiation process.
Highlights
During recent years, non-thermal atmospheric pressure biocompatible plasma (NBP) has been studied in the medical field for sterilization, anti-cancer, promoting wound healing etc. [1]–[3]
The results revealed that NBP has the capacity to induce mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into osteoblast even without the presence of chemical inducting factors, and the induction effect showed a tissue-dependent manner, as human periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (hPDLSCs) with more effective osteogenic differentiation than human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSCs)
We found that the activation of antioxidant enzymes and mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs) may involve in NBP induced osteogenesis of hPDLSCs
Summary
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure biocompatible plasma (NBP) has been studied in the medical field for sterilization, anti-cancer, promoting wound healing etc. [1]–[3]. NBP emerged as a powerful tool for stimulating progenitor cells to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, and neurocytes [4]–[8]. NBP generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are considered to play the main role during NBP interacting with stem cells. Stem cells reside in the specialized niches with low ROS level, while physiological levels of ROS are required to maintain genomic stability [9] and serving as second messengers in stem cell differentiation [10]. The exogenous ROS from NBP generation is one of the possible methods to stimulate the cellular signal pathways in stem cells. Whether ROS would serve as signaling messengers or could cause oxidative
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