Abstract
The aim of this study is to establish a relationship between non-strabismic binocular dysfunction and neck pain. One hundred twelve participants underwent binocular vision assessment by evaluating horizontal heterophoria, horizontal and vertical fusional vergence ranges and vergence facility. The subjects were classified into two groups: binocular anomalies and normal binocular function. Neck complaints were measured with the Neck Disability Index, visual analogue scale, cervical range of motion, deep-flexor muscle activation score (AS) and performance index (PI). Our results showed that participants with low AS had significantly altered values of lateral phoria (near) (mean = -6.99 SD ± 6.96 PD) and PFV (near) blur (mean = 9.49 SD ± 5.45 PD) against those who presented normal AS (lateral phoria (near) mean = -3.64 SD ± 6.37 PD; PFV (near) blur mean = 12.84 SD ± 6.20 PD). In addition, participants with NFV (near) recovery outside the norm had a significantly lower right side-bending (mean = 35.63 SD ± 8.35 PD) than those within the standard (mean = 39.64 SD ± 9 PD). The subjects with binocular vision impairment showed a diminished response to the deep cervical musculature, with low AS and PI, as well as a tendency to suffer from cervicalgia of more than three months’ evolution and a lower range of motion.
Highlights
The use of new technologies requires prolonged visual demand in a restricted visual space
When grouping the subjects according to the normative values of the variables that defined the state of binocular vision, we found that, in those who were not within the norm, there was a higher percentage of participants with activation score (AS) below the norm
We identified subjects who presented values of NFV break above the norm, a condition that causes a tendency toward greater amplitudes of divergence and is associated with greater exodeviation in far than in near, signs that characterize an excess of divergence [36,37]
Summary
The use of new technologies requires prolonged visual demand in a restricted visual space. This situation implies a continuous over-exertion of accommodation and vergence, which alter the efficiency of the visual system, and a diverse symptomatology appears that includes asthenopia and performance problems [1,2]. Accommodative dysfunctions and nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions are frequent visual alterations arising from this situation [3,4]. This situation increases musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck area so that both visual symptoms and muscular complaints coexist [5,6].
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