Non-Stochastic Hypothesis Testing with Application to Privacy Against Hypothesis-Testing Adversaries

Abstract

We consider privacy against hypothesis-testing adversaries within a non-stochastic framework. We develop a theory of non-stochastic hypothesis testing by borrowing the notion of uncertain variables from non-stochastic information theory. We define tests as binary-valued mappings on uncertain variables and prove a fundamental bound on the performance of tests in non-stochastic hypothesis testing. We use this bound to develop a measure of privacy. We then construct reporting policies with prescribed privacy and utility guarantees. The utility of a reporting policy is measured by the distance between reported and original values. We illustrate the effects of using such privacy-preserving reporting polices on a publicly- available practical dataset of preferences and demographics of young individuals with Slovakian nationality.