Abstract
This chapter discusses important problems related to forming high-power density submicron electron probes–that is, that of development and practical preparation of stable electron sources with superhigh brightness and angular emission intensity. The chapter presents the results of investigations on the physical mechanisms of thermal field processes leading to the explosive breakdown phenomenon. A detailed analysis of processes accompanying the development of non-stationary electron emission and explosive breakdown initiation has shown that the non-stationary behavior of the electron emission current from the transition metal microcrystal (MC) tip surface in high electric fields cannot be adequately interpreted based on canonical conceptions of the thermal field emission (TFE) mechanism. The studies have revealed substantial differences in physical mechanisms between the stationary and non-stationary electron-emission processes that suggest their treatment as essentially different phenomena. The phenomenological model developed for the explosive breakdown phenomenon has scientific value by itself, but also is of great practical interest for applications in electron optical systems— such as electron quazi-lasers—to produce intense submicron electron beams whose power density is comparable with that of modern high-power laser sources.
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