Abstract
The principal possibility of nonspecific energy expenditure at all stages of the transformation of nutrients in the body is demonstrated. These stages include the processing of food in the mouth, digestion, absorption, interaction with the intestinal micro biome, and interstitial metabolic processes. Particular attention is paid to the role of nonspecific energy expenditure of the body in the regulation of body mass. The data on the pivotal role of reducing nonspecific energy expenditure in the development of obesity and associated pathological conditions are presented. The prospects for using uncouples of oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acids, carnitine, bile acids, sarcolipin and a number of other substances as regulators of the nonspecific energy expenditure and potential means of preventing and treating obesity are analyzed.
Highlights
Body mass and health obesity as a risk factor of cardiovascular and endocrine disorders Objective of the article: Despite the undoubted progress in modern medicine, cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading causes of death worldwide
Some authors attach particular importance to microbiome disorders in the pathogenesis of obesity, considering this condition to be a special form of intestinal infection, in particular caused by Clostridium Difficile and this infection is believed to be transmitted by the fecaloral route
Additional introduction of polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) to humans and animals has many positive effects for maintaining energy homeostasis, including differentiation of adipocytes, activation of lipolysis, inhibition of lipogenesis, an increase in energy expenditure in the oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria and peroxisomes, etc., that can help reduce the likelihood of developing obesity and concomitant diseases [86,87,88,89]
Summary
Body mass and health obesity as a risk factor of cardiovascular and endocrine disorders Objective of the article: Despite the undoubted progress in modern medicine, cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading causes of death worldwide. Disclosure of the detailed mechanism of the development of obesity, associated with energy metabolism disorders at this stage, requires the description of the role of various hormones, those produced by the “classical” endocrine glands, and by cells of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, adipose tissue, various parts of the brain, muscles and other tissues Many of these hormones affect directly or indirectly the food behavior, as well as the efficiency of the enzymatic systems of the digestive tract, the activity of which the body weight depends on. Most futile cycles have many different hormonal and allosteric regulators, which are likely to become targets for the creation of pharmacological agents aimed at the prevention and treatment of obesity [37]
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