Abstract
Abstract To improve the reinforcing efficiency of silica (SiO2) nanoparticles for rubber and make the treatment procedure easy to commercialize in industrial level, antioxidant 2, 2′-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol) (2246) and silane were utilized to modify SiO2 via a nonsolvent-assisted process. Antioxidant 2246 was chemically grafted on the surface of SiO2 with the aid of silane coupling agent and performed better than free antioxidant in protecting rubber from thermo-oxidative aging due to the elimination the so-called “blooming” defects. Moreover, the antioxidant and silane modified SiO2 (SiO2-s-2246) was much better than modified SiO2 (m-SiO2) only by silane and unmodified SiO2 in dispersion and compatibility with styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) based on the results of electron microscope observations, contact angle and bound rubber. Therefore, SBR/SiO2-s-2246 composites exhibited higher mechanical strength than SBR/m-SiO2 or SBR/SiO2 composites. For instance, SBR/SiO2-s-2246 composites with better elasticity exhibited an increase of 48% in tensile strength compared with SBR/m-SiO2 composites. The reinforcing mechanism of SiO2-s-2246 and m-SiO2 was also investigated based on the large strain behavior and swelling Gibbs free energy of SBR composites, which may be instructive for the rational filler surface modification.
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