Nonsimilar forced convection simulations of water-copper nanofluid flow through a porous medium in the presence of thermal radiations, heat generation and viscous dissipation

Abstract

In this article, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) radiative nanoliquid flow in a porous media on top of a surface expanding at nonlinear rate with thermal radiations and heat generation is investigated utilizing nonsimilar modeling. The nanofluid flow over horizontal surface is stimulated by virtue of nonlinear stretching sheet. The boundary layer (B.L) nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE’s) are refomred into nondimensional nonlinear PDE's through newly proposed nonsimilar transformations. The resulting nonsimilar PDE's are handled analytically by local nonsimilarity approximations up to order of truncations and numerically by bvp4c, a finite difference based algorithm. The repercussions of governing dimensionless parameters such as, solid volume fraction , nonlinear index (n), Eckert number (Ec), magnetic field (M), permeability (k), heat generation (Q), Prandtl number (Pr), radiation (R), Nusselt number (Nu), skin friction on convection are explored. Moreover, it is found that the rising numerical amounts of volume fraction and permeability boost the rate of thermal transport. It is established that the temperature is enhanced by rising Ec, Q, R, M, and n. The increasing Pr decreases the temperature. The comparison between nonsimilar and local similar estimations has been constructed and the percentage difference is demonstrated in tabular form.