Abstract
With the development of ultraintense terawatt (TW) and petawatt (PW) laser systems, powerful terahertz (THz) radiation from laser–plasma interactions has been reported. Plasma-based THz systems, which are usually operated at extremely low repetition rates, call for single-shot diagnostics. In this paper, various state-of-the-art single-shot detection methods are introduced or designed for measurements and applications involved in high-power plasma-based THz sciences.
Highlights
Nowadays, detection of radiation in the terahertz (THz) frequency domain is of great interest in active research[1, 2]
In order to meet the requirements of different applications, designs for specific THz radiation detection systems need to take the following three factors into account: (1) whether the system has sufficiently high sensitivity to allow signals to be extracted from thermal background radiation; (2) whether the data sampling rate allows real-time measurements of ultrafast processes; and (3) whether full characterization of the THz radiation, including amplitude and phase information, can be provided with no or little distortion
THz pulses generated from ultrafast laser–plasma interactions are often characterized by pump and probe measurements
Summary
Detection of radiation in the terahertz (THz) frequency domain is of great interest in active research[1, 2]. –vo1afl0u−em15i(ltlyWispe/.c√o1nH0d−zs10faonrWdh/e√sluiHuffmzer-cfoofrroolmerodoamsysmtteeummchsp)e.rhaitgTuhrheeer; responsivity of a thermal-type direct detector usually shows little dependence on radiation wavelength; bandpass filters or interferometric measurements are generally involved in providing spectral information of the measured signals. With the rapid development of ultrafast laser systems, pulsed detectors based on photoconductive or free-space electro-optic (EO) sampling are generally used for coherent detection of broadband THz radiation. ZnTe and GaP are two of the most commonly used sensors for EO sampling The former shows excellent detection sensitivity around 2 THz due to the small GVM of optical/THz pulses within the tuning range of Ti:sapphire lasers[12], while the latter has a high fundamental transverse-optical (TO) phonon resonance frequency near 11 THz[13]. In considering the trade-off between high detection sensitivity and broadband spectral response, the type and thickness of EO crystals should be chosen carefully for specific research
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