Nonroutine Use of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Myocardial Infarction With Successful and Unsuccessful Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Abstract

ObjectivesThe authors sought to compare outcomes of patients with myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock (CS) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with or without intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support according to final epicardial flow in the infarct-related artery. BackgroundA routine use of IABP is contraindicated in patients with myocardial infarction and CS. There are no data regarding the subpopulation of patients who may benefit from such support besides patients with mechanical complications of myocardial infarction. MethodsProspective nationwide registry data of patients with myocardial infarction and CS treated with PCI between 2003 and 2014 were analyzed. Patients were initially stratified into 2 groups according to final infarct-related artery Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade after PCI: those with successful primary PCI (TIMI flow grades 2 or 3) and those with unsuccessful primary PCI (TIMI flow grades 0 or 1). Outcomes of patients with or without IABP treatment in each group were analyzed and compared. ResultsIn the unsuccessful PCI group, patients in whom IABP was applied had lower in-hospital, 30-day, and 12-month mortality. IABP support in this group of patients was an independent predictor of lower 30-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59 to 0.89; p = 0.002). Conversely, in patients with successful PCI, IABP was an independent predictor of higher 30-day mortality (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.30; p = 0.0004). ConclusionsIABP is associated with a lower risk of 30-day mortality in patients with myocardial infarction complicated by CS, in whom primary PCI was unsuccessful.