Abstract

Abstract Quantum mechanics was developed to understand atomic structures. In 1925, Heisenberg introduced observables, which embodies the concept of quantum dynamical variables. Unlike classical variables, observables can be incompatible with each other. With Max Born, Paul Dirac, Pascual Jordan, and Wolfgang Pauli, they developed matrix mechanics. Six months later Schrodinger, working independently, launched wave mechanics. It introduced the wave function, which embodies the concept of quantum-mechanical states and the principle of superposition.

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