Abstract
Optimal denoising works at best on raw images (the image formed at the output of the focal plane, at the CCD or CMOS detector), which display a white signal-dependent noise. The noise model of the raw image is characterized by a function that given the intensity of a pixel in the noisy image returns the corresponding standard deviation; the plot of this function is the noise curve. This paper develops a nonparametric approach estimating the noise curve directly from a single raw image. An extensive cross-validation procedure is described to compare this new method with state-of-the-art parametric methods and with laboratory calibration methods giving a reliable ground truth, even for nonlinear detectors.
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