Non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae bacteraemia: case report and literature review.

S Deshayes,A De La Blanchardière,J.-J Parienti,M.-L Quilici,V Cattoir,C Daurel

doi:10.1186/s40064-015-1346-3

S Deshayes, A De La Blanchardière + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1346-3

Copy DOI

Abstract

Non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) are increasingly frequently observed ubiquitous microorganisms occasionally responsible for intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. Most cases involve self-limiting gastroenteritis or ear and wound infections in immunocompetent patients. Bacteraemia, which have been described in patients with predisposing factors, are rare and poorly known, both on the clinical and therapeutic aspects. We describe a case of NOVC bacteraemia and a systematic literature review in PubMed conducted up to November 2014 using a combination of the following search terms: “Vibrio cholerae non-O1” and “bacter(a)emia”. The case was a 70 year-old healthy male subject returning from Senegal and suffering from NOVC bacteraemia associated with liver abscesses. Disease evolution was favourable after 2 months’ therapy (ceftriaxone then ciprofloxacin). Three hundred and fifty cases of NOVC bacteraemia have been identified in the literature. The majority of patients were male (77 %), with a median age of 56 years and presenting with predisposing conditions (96 %), such as cirrhosis (55 %) or malignant disease (20 %). Diarrhoea was inconstant (42 %). Mortality was 33 %. The source of infection, identified in only 25 % of cases, was seafood consumption (54 %) or contaminated water (30 %). Practitioners should be aware of these infections, in order to warn patients with predisposing conditions, on the risk of ingesting raw or undercooked seafood or bathing in potentially infected waters.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40064-015-1346-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Highlights

IntroductionVibrio species are halophilic facultative anaerobic Gramnegative bacilli, which are ubiquitously distributed in marine and estuarine environments
The genus Vibrio belongs to the Vibrionaceae family
We report a case of non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) bacteraemia with liver abscesses in a French immunocompetent male subject returning from Senegal, and discuss the epidemiology, the clinical manifestations, the predisposing factors and the antimicrobial therapy of NOVC bacteraemia through a review of 350 identified cases

Summary

Introduction

Vibrio species are halophilic facultative anaerobic Gramnegative bacilli, which are ubiquitously distributed in marine and estuarine environments. Their presence is well documented in Asia and Latin America and in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Their density is increasing, in filter-feeding shellfish, associated with high surface water temperature, especially during warmer months (13–25 °C), secondary to the proliferation of phytoplankton and zooplankton (Crim et al 2014; Harris et al 2012; Huehn et al 2014). There is an increasing trend towards infection due to Vibrio. Despite under-diagnosis and under-reporting, especially for milder cases, they are the 6th pathogen

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion