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Abstract
Socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS) are characterized by a dynamic mosaic of different ecosystem types that maintain relatively high biodiversity and produce a bundle of ecosystem services. One unique characteristic of SEPLS is the sharing of provisioning services within and beyond communities, such as forests, agricultural and marine products. Conventional ecosystem assessments based on statistical data often ignore the benefits of these non-market provisioning services. This short communication quantifies the contribution of the sharing of food provisioning services in Japan in terms of their amount and variety, and it analyzes the relationship between such sharing practices and landscape types. Using an online web survey, we investigated the benefits of sharing goods and services provided from SEPLS. In both mountainous and flat agricultural areas, 16% of the total food amount came from non-market sources, compared to 10% in urbanized areas. Farmland and forests had significant positive correlations with most non-market food items in terms of amount. Greater amounts of built-up area in the landscape were associated with a lesser amount of non-market food provision. Food sharing culture can contribute to enhancing resilience against socio-economic changes and natural disasters. This study provides baseline information for monitoring the hidden flow of food provision and its multiple functions.
Highlights
Satoyama-satoumi is a Japanese term for socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS), which are characterized by a dynamic mosaic of different ecosystem types that maintain high biodiversity and produce a bundle of ecosystem services [1]
The survey found that 16% of food in mountainous and flat agricultural areas came from non-market sources, whereas 10% of food had non-market origins in urbanized areas (Figure 1)
The households in more isolated rural areas tend to purchase food via e-commerce more than those in flat agricultural areas and urbanized areas, even though the amount purchased by e-commerce is still less than that obtained from local stores
Summary
Satoyama-satoumi is a Japanese term for socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS), which are characterized by a dynamic mosaic of different ecosystem types that maintain high biodiversity and produce a bundle of ecosystem services [1]. SELPS with mosaics of paddies, upland fields, forests, water systems, and human settlements is a typical agricultural landscape in Japan and in other area in the world. These socio-ecological systems are often integral to people’s livelihood, customs, traditions, spirituality, and social relations [2]. The process of giving and receiving food reinforces social relations and group memberships [8] Such sharing practices are common in rural areas, but limited scientific evidence is available on their contribution to people’s food consumption. Quandt et al (2001) [9] investigated the social and nutritional meaning of food sharing among older rural adults in two rural counties in central North Carolina, and they revealed that receiving food gifts functions as way to maintain social relations and to create a feeling of community membership
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